Domestic Cups Trivia

  • Total Number of Wins
  • Consecutive Wins
  • Consecutive Final Pairings
  • Consecutive Winners Repeated Finals
  • Consecutive Final Appearances
  • Repeated Final Pairings
  • High Scoring Finals
  • Most Final Replays
  • Miscellaneous
  • Lucky Losers -- link to other file
  • Minnows in Cup Finals -- link to other file

  • Total Number of Wins

    NB: teams in bold face are record cup winners for their country;
    teams in italics share the record number of cup wins in their country.
    
     39 Linfield                             Northern Ireland   
    
     37 FC Vaduz                             Liechtenstein
    
     35 Al-Ahly                              Egypt
    
     34 Celtic                               Scotland           
    
     32 Rangers                              Scotland
    
     31 Selangor                             Malaysia
        
     27 SL Benfica                           Portugal               [1]
        Muharraq                             Bahrain       
    
     26 FK Austria (Wien)                    Austria     
        HB                                   Faroe Islands
    
     25 Levski Sofia                         Bulgaria               [3]
    
     24 FC Barcelona                         Spain
        Shamrock Rovers                      Ireland
        Singapore                            Malaysia
        Sparta Praha                         CSSR/CSFR/CR           [4]
    
     23 Athletic de Bilbao                   Spain   
        Olympiakos                           Greece
        Wrexham                              Wales        
    
     22 Cardiff City                         Wales                  [2]
        Crvena zvezda                        Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro
        Maccabi Tel-Aviv                     Israel
        
     21 Steaua Bucuresti                     Romania                [5]
        Zamalek                              Egypt
    
     20 Ferencváros                          Hungary
        Glentoran                            Northern Ireland
        Saunders SC                          Sri Lanka             [13]
        
     19 APOEL Nicosia                        Cyprus
        Sliema Wanderers                     Malta
        Sporting CP                          Portugal               [1]
    
     18 CSKA Sofia                           Bulgaria               [3]
        Dinamo Kyiv                          Soviet Union/Ukraine  [14]
        Etoile Filante                       Burkina Faso
        Floriana                             Malta
        Grasshopper Club                     Switzerland
        Al-Merreikh                          Sudan
        Wallidan                             Gambia
    
     17 Ajax                                 Netherlands
        Djoliba AC                           Mali
        FC Porto                             Portugal               [1]
        Real Madrid                          Spain
    
     16 Dinamo Zagreb                        Yugoslavia/Croatia     [7]
        Al-Faisaly                           Jordan
        Panathinaikos                        Greece
        Stade Malien                         Mali
    
     15 Al-Arabi                             Kuwait
        ASEC Abidjan                         Ivory Coast
        Partizani Tiranë                     Albania
        SK Rapid (Wien)                      Austria/Germany       [11]
        Red Boys                             Luxembourg
    
     14 FC Bayern München                    (West) Germany
        Galatasaray                          Turkey
        Malmö FF                             Sweden
        Al-Zawra                             Iraq
    
     13 AEK                                  Greece
        Africa Sports                        Ivory Coast
        Al-Ahli                              Saudi Arabia          [17]
        Dinamo Tiranë                        Albania
        Hapoel Tel-Aviv                      Israel
        Legia Warszawa                       Poland
        Rapid Bucuresti                      Romania
        Slavia Praha                         CSSR/CSFR/CR           [4]
        Spartak Moskva                       Soviet Union/Russia
        SK Tirana                            Albania
    
     12 Club Franciscain                     Martinique
        ASC Diaraf                           Senegal                [6]
        Dinamo Bucuresti                     Romania
        Distillery                           Northern Ireland
        Fire Brigade SC                      Mauritius
        Hajduk Split                         Yugoslavia/Croatia     [7]
        Haka (Valkeakoski)                   Finland
        Al-Hilal                             Saudi Arabia          [17]
        Jeunesse d'Esch                      Luxembourg
        Kaizer Chiefs                        South Africa          [18]
        MTK                                  Hungary
        Mohun Bagan                          India
        Odd Grenland                         Norway
        Omonia Nicosia                       Cyprus
        Al-Qadisiya                          Kuwait
        Al-Sadd                              Qatar
        Vital'O                              Burundi
    
     11 Al-Ansar                             Lebanon
        FC Balzers                           Liechtenstein
        Canon Yaoundé                        Cameroon
        Club Africain                        Tunisia
        Costa do Sol                         Mozambique
        DC Motema Pembe                      Congo-Kinshasa
        Espérance ST                         Tunisia
        Feyenoord                            Netherlands
        Frederikstad FK                      Norway
        Harlem Bombers                       Dominica
        Manchester United                    England
        Mekelakeya                           Ethiopia  [includes Army, Mechal]
        SS Saint-Louisienne                  Reunion
        Scholars                      Cayman Islands
        Valletta                             Malta
    
     10 Anorthosis Famagusta                 Cyprus
        Arsenal                              England
        Club Brugge                          Belgium
        Dinamo Tbilisi                       Soviet Union/Ukraine  [19]
        Express                              Uganda
        Al-Ittihad                           Saudi Arabia          [17]
        KR                                   Iceland
        Libertas                             San Marino
        Mufulira Wanderers                   Zambia
        New Radiant                          Maldives
        North Village                        Bermuda
        Olympique Marseille                  France
        Parrizan (Beograd)                   Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro
        Queen's Park                         Scotland
        Shelbourne                           (Northern) Ireland    [16]
        FC Sion                              Switzerland           [20]
        Swansea City                         Wales
        Union Luxembourg                     Luxembourg
    

    Consecutive Wins

    NB: running series in italics.
    
     11 FC Vaduz                             Liechtenstein 1998-08*
    
      7 Djoliba AC                           Mali          1973-79
        Pakhtakor Toshkent                   Uzbekistan    2001-07*
        SKA-PVO Bishkek                      Kyrgyzstan    1997-03
        FC Vaduz                             Liechtenstein 1956-62
    
      6 Avatiu FC                            Cook Islands  1992-97
        Dinamo Tbilisi                       Georgia       1992-97
        Libertas                             San Marino    1937-61  [only 6 cups played]
        AS Magenta                           New Caledonia 2000-05
        Muharraq                             Bahrain       1961-67  (65: no cup)
        CE Principat                         Andorra       1994-99
        Rapid Bucuresti                      Romania       1937-42
        Shamrock Rovers                      Ireland       1964-69
        FC Vaduz                             Liechtenstein 1966-71
    
      5 Assaut                               Martinique    1964-68
        Cardiff City                         Wales         1967-71
        Club Franciscain                     Martinique    2001-05
        Dinamo Tiranë                        Albania       1950-54
        Górnik Zabrze                        Poland        1968-72
        Hajduk Split                         Yugoslavia    1972-77  [7] (75: no cup)
        CS Hammam-Lif                        Tunisia       1946-50
        HB                                   Faroe Islands 1968-73  (70: no cup)
        HB                                   Faroe Islands 1978-82
        KR                                   Iceland       1960-64
        Olympiakos                           Greece        1957-61  [8]
        North Village                        Bermuda       2002-06
        Reipas Lahti                         Finland       1972-76
        Santa Coloma                         Andorra       2003-07*
        Santos                               Brazil        1961-65
        Shamrock Rovers                      Ireland       1929-33
        JS Vallée du Tir Nouméa              New Caledonia 1964-68
        Vital'O                              Burundi       1993-97
    
      4 Al-Ahly                              Egypt         1981-85 (82: no cup)
        ASEC Abidjan                         Ivory Coast   1967-70
        Athletic Bilbao                      Spain         1930-33
        FC Balzers                           Liechtenstein 1981-84
        SL Benfica                           Portugal      1949-53 (50: no cup)
        Canon Yaoundé                        Cameroon      1975-78
        CAPS United                          Zimbabwe      1980-83
        Club Africain                        Tunisia       1967-70
        AS Douanes                           Senegal       2002-05
        CP Ela Nguema                        Eq. Guinea    1980-83
        Fire Brigade SC                      Mauritius     1980-83
        Al-Foutoua                           Syria         1988-91
        Galatasaray                          Turkey        1963-66
        Glentoran                            N. Ireland    1985-88
        Grasshopper Club                     Switzerland   1940-43
        FC Kalamu                            Zaire         1986-89
        SoFK Lyn (Oslo)                      Norway        1908-11
        Nakivubo Villa                       Uganda        1986-89
        Odd SK (Skien)                       Norway        1903-06
        Olympiakos                           Greece        1951-54   
        Omonia Nicosia                       Cyprus        1980-83
        Real Bamako                          Mali          1966-69
        Real Madrid                          Spain         1905-08
        Real Republicans                     Ghana         1962-65
        JS Ténéré                            Niger         1997-00
        Wallidan                             Gambia        2001-04
        Zamalek                              Egypt         1957-60
    
    

    Consecutive Final Pairings

    
      9 FC Vaduz v FC Triesen                Liechtenstein 1946-54 (TTTVTTVVV)
    
      5 Selangor v Singapore                 Malaysia      1935-39 (llplp)
        Steaua Bucuresti v Dinamo Bucuresti  Romania       1986-90 (DSSSD)  [5] 
        Al-Merreikh v Al-Hilal               Sudan         2002-07 (HHMMM) (03: no cup)
      
      4 Selangor v Singapore                 Malaysia      1927-30 (l--p)  [15]
        Red Boys v Spora Luxembourg          Luxembourg    1929-32 (RRRS)
        Olympiakos v PAOK Saloniki           Greece        1971-74 (OPOP)
        Selangor v Singapore                 Malaysia      1978-81 (llpl)
        Dinamo Tbilisi v Dinamo Batumi       Georgia       1995-98 (TTTB)
        Internazionale v Roma                Italy         2005-08 (IIRR)
    
        The Singapore Women's Challenge Cup had Tampines Rovers SC and Home United FC
        playing each other in the final in 4 successive years (2001-2004); all four
        were drawn and settled by a penalty shoot-out (Home United winning it in 2001
        and 2002 and Tampines Rovers in 2003 and 2004).
    

    Consecutive Winners Repeated Finals

    
      3 SOFK Lyn (Oslo) b Odd SK (Skien)     Norway        1908-10
        Red Boys b Spora Luxembourg          Luxembourg    1929-31
        FC Triesen b FC Vaduz                Liechtenstein 1946-48
        FC Vaduz b FC Triesen                Liechtenstein 1952-54
        FC Vaduz b FC Schaan                 Liechtenstein 1960-62
        Partizan Tiranë b Vllaznia Shkodër   Albania       1966-70 (67,69: no cups)
        FC Vaduz b FC Triesen                Liechtenstein 1967-69
        Steaua Bucuresti b Dinamo Bucuresti  Romania       1969-71
        Stade Malien b. Djoliba AC           Mali          1984-86
        Krama Yudha T. Berlian b Pelita Jaya Indonesia     1987-89
        Kuala Lumpur b Kedah                 Malaysia      1987-89
        Steaua Bucuresti b Dinamo Bucuresti  Romania       1987-89
        Al-Faisaly b Al-Ramtha               Jordan        1993-95
        Dinamo Tbilisi b Dinamo Batumi       Georgia       1995-97
        SKA-PVO Bishkek b Jashtyk AA Kara-Su Kyrgyzstan    2001-03
        Al-Faisaly b Al-Hussein              Jordan        2001-04 (03 no cup)
        Santa Coloma b Sant Juliŕ            Andorra       2003-05
        Dordoy-D. Naryn b Jashtyk AA Kara-Su Kyrgyzstan    2004-06
        New Radiant b Valencia               Maldives      2005-07
        Al-Merreikh b Al-Hilal               Sudan         2005-07
    
        All 3 Dinamo Tbilisi v Dinamo Batumi finals ended 1-0, the one in 1996
        after extra time.
        All 3 SKA-PVO v Jashtyk finals likewise ended 1-0.
        All 3 New Radiant v Valencia finals ended 2-0.
    
        The Namibian Christmas Cup (MTC Kersfeesbekertoernooi), which is 
        played as a league cup tournament (all 16 top level clubs enter)
        has seen 4 editions from 2001 to 2004; all four featured Black
        Africa and Civics in the final, and all four finals were won by
        Black Africa.
    

    Consecutive Final Appearances

    
     21 Singapore                            Malaysia      1921-41
    
     17 FC Vaduz                             Liechtenstein 1946-62
    
     13 FC Vaduz                             Liechtenstein 1995-07
    
     11 Al-Arabi                             Kuwait        1962-72
        Cardiff City                         Wales         1967-77
    
     10 Skonto Riga                          Latvia        1995-04
    
      9 FC Triesen                           Liechtenstein 1946-54
        Djoliba AC                           Mali          1973-81 
        Crvena zvezda                        Serbia-Mont.  1999-07
    
      8 Sliema Wanderers                     Malta         1935-46 (41-44: no cups)
        Olympiakos                           Greece        1956-63  [8]
        Rangers                              Scotland      1976-83
        Wallidan                             Gambia        1998-05
    
      7 Druids                               Wales         1880-86
        Singapore                            Malaysia      1950-56
        Celtic                               Scotland      1969-75  [9]
        Steaua Bucuresti                     Romania       1984-90
        Croatia Zagreb                       Croatia       1992-98
        SKA-PVO Bishkek                      Kyrgyzstan    1997-03
    
    An undesirable record is held by Jashtyk Ak Altyn Kara-Su, who lost five 
    consecutive finals in Kyrgyzstan from 2001 to 2006, the first five all 
    by 0-1 (the sixth by 0-4); the first three against SKA-PVO Bishkek and 
    the last three against Dordoy-Dinamo Naryn.  Prior to their 'feat', this
    sad record was shared by USM Alger, who appeared in five consecutive 
    Algerian cup finals from 1969 to 1973 and lost all of them, and Al-Ramtha, 
    who did the same in Jordan from 1993 to 1997.
    

    Repeated Final Pairings

    
     23 Selangor v Singapore                 Malaysia          (Se11-Si10) [15]
     15 Celtic v Rangers                     Scotland          (C 7 - R 7) [10]
        Levski Sofia v CSKA Sofia            Bulgaria          (L 8 - C 7)  [3]
        Linfield v Glentoran                 Northern Ireland  (L 8 - G 7)
        FC Vaduz v FC Triesen                Liechtenstein     (V 9 - T 6)
     14 Floriana v Sliema Wanderers          Malta             (F 8 - S 6)
     13 Al-Ahly v Zamalek                    Egypt             (A 7 - Z 4) [21]
        FC Vaduz v FC Balzers                Liechtenstein     (V10 - B 3)
     11 Olympiakos v Panathinaikos           Greece            (O 5 - P 5)  [8]
     10 Benfica v FC Porto                   Portugal          (B 9 - P 1)  [1]
        Benfica v Sporting CP                Portugal          (B 7 - S 3)  [1]
        Al-Qadisiya v Al-Arabi               Kuwait            (Q 6 - A 4)
        Slavia Praha v Sparta Praha          Czechoslovakia    (Sl 5-Sp 4)  [4]
        Stade Malien v Djoliba AC            Mali              (S 6 - D 4)
        Steaua Bucuresti v Dinamo Bucuresti  Romania           (S 6 - D 4)  [5]
        FC Vaduz v USV Eschen/Mauren         Liechtenstein     (V 8 - E 2)
      9 Austria Wien v Rapid Wien            Austria           (A 5 - R 4)
        Cardiff City v Wrexham               Wales             (C 5 - W 4)
        Crvena zvezda v Partizan Beograd     Yugoslavia        (C 5 - P 4)  
        Hajduk Split v Dynamo Zagreb         Yugoslavia/Croatia(H 5 - D 4)  [7]
        FC Vaduz v FC Schaan                 Liechtenstein     (V 8 - S 1)
      8 Athletic Bilbao v Real Madrid        Spain             (A 6 - M 2)
        Dinamo Tiranë v Partizani Tiranë     Albania           (D 6 - P 2)
        Maccabi Tel Aviv v Hapoel Tel Aviv   Israel            (M 5 - H 3)
        Olympiakos v PAOK Saloniki           Greece            (O 5 - P 3) 
        Singapore v Penang                   Malaysia          (S 5 - P 3) [15]
        Sliema Wanderers v Hibernians        Malta             (S 5 - H 3)
      7 Djoliba AC vs AS Real Bamako         Mali              (D 4 - R 3)
        Floriana v Valletta                  Malta             (F 4 - V 3)
        Grasshopper Club v Servette FC       Switzerland       (G 4 - S 3)
        Red Boys v Spora Luxembourg          Luxembourg        (R 5 - S 2)
    
    

    High Scoring Finals

     
     15 goals
        Slavia Praha v SS Plincner     13-2  Bohemia and Moravia, 1941     [12]
    
     14 goals
        Amateure Wien v Slovan Wien     8-6  Austria, 1924       [aet]     [11]  
        Bohemia Praha v Sparta Praha    8-6  Bohemia and Moravia, 1942     [12]
    
     13 goals
        Betar Tel Aviv v Maccabi Haifa 12-1  Israel, 1942
    
     12 goals
        Ferencváros v Újpest           11-1  Hungary, 1933
        VB v HB                         7-5  Faroe Islands, 1974      
    
     11 goals
        Linfield v Bohemians           10-1  Ireland, 1895
        CFR Bucuresti v Ripensia        6-5  Romania, 1935
        Willem II v Groene Ster         9-2  Netherlands, 1944
    
     10 goals
        Slavia Praha v CAFC Vinohrady  10-0  Czechoslovakia, 1926          [12]
        Lausanne-Sports v Nordstern    10-0  Switzerland, 1935
        Grasshopper v Lausanne-Sports  10-0  Switzerland, 1937
        AS Real Bamako v Africa Sports  8-2  Mali, 1969
        Stade Malien vs Kayésienne     10-0  Mali, 1970
        Austria Wien v Rapid Wien       6-4  Austria, 1986       [aet]
        Dinamo Bucuresti v Steaua       6-4  Romania, 1990
    
    

    Most Final Replays

    
    The 1940 Romanian final went to three replays:
       
        Rapid Bucuresti 2-2, 4-4, 2-2, 2-1 Venus Bucuresti
    
    The first match was played on April 30, 1940, the last on November 8 - requiring
    more than half a year to determine the winners.  Iuliu Baratky of Rapid scored 
    in all four matches (twice in the third).
    
    

    Miscellaneous

    Roma beat all Italian European Cup winners of 1989/90 during their
    1990/91 campaign to win the Coppa Italia:
    
    QF: Roma            1-1 2-0 Juventus (UEFA Cup)
    SF: Milan (CC)      0-0 0-1 Roma
     F: Roma            3-1 1-1 Sampdoria (CWC)
    
    [Milan also won the Intercontinental Cup and the Super Cup in both 1989/90 and
     1990/91, so Roma eliminated all European holders of international cups.]
    
    Amateur club Eintracht Trier beat both German winners of European
    silverware in 1996/97 during their campaign in the 1997/98 DFB-Pokal:
    
     1: Eintracht Trier 1-0 Schalke 04 (UEFA Cup)
     2: Eintracht Trier 2-1 Borussia Dortmund (CC)
    
    FC Sion won all ten Swiss Cup Finals they played:
    in 1965, 1974, 1980, 1982, 1986, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1997 and 2006. 
    
    Leeds United and Cardiff City met in the third round of the FA Cup in three
    consecutive seasons: 1955/56, 1956/57, and 1957/58.  Not only did Cardiff on
    each of these occasions eliminate Leeds in Leeds - they also did it by the
    identical 2-1 scoreline on all three occasions!
    
    

    Notes

    
    [1] This includes both the "Campeonato de Portugal" from 1921/22 to 1937/38 
        and its successor tournament "Taça de Portugal" which was held since
        1938/39 season. 
    
    [2] This does not include the English Cup won by Cardiff City in 1926/27.
    
    [3] The totals for Levski and CSKA contain the Soviet Army cups won up
        to and including 1982; Levski won 13 of those (and 3 after 1981), CSKA
        9 (and 4 after 1981).  Of the 15 finals between the two teams, 7 were
        for the Soviet Army Cup (up to 1982), Levski winning 4, CSKA 3; the 1982
        final for the Cup of Bulgaria (won by Levski) is not included as the
        tournament was still secondary to the Soviet Army Cup that year.
        The 1985 final between the two teams (CSKA winning 2-1) was first
        declared void but later returned to CSKA.  Levski's total includes the 
        1942 Tzar's Cup but not the 1982 Cup of Bulgaria (secondary to the 
        Soviet Army Cup); CSKA's total does not included the 4-team Cup of 
        Bulgaria 1981 (secondary to the Soviet Army Cup).
    
    [4] Totals include Stredoceský pohár, Ceský pohár 1939-45, Czechoslovak
        cups 1946-93, Czech cups since 1994.  Sparta has won the Stredoceský
        pohár 9 times, Ceský pohár 2 times during the war, 8 Czechoslovak
        cups and 5 Czech cups.  Slavia won the Stredoceský pohár 8 times, Ceský
        pohár 2 times during the war, 3 Czech cups.  Of the 10 finals between the 
        two, 7 were for the Stredoceský pohár, 2 for the Ceský pohár.
        The two teams were also to meet in the 1937 final for the Stredoceský
        pohár, which was never played (but included as one of the ten
        finals to be played between the two).  Finally, Sparta and Slavia also met 
        each other 3 times in the Czech cup final when it served as a semifinal for 
        the Czechoslovak cup; of those, Sparta won 2, Slavia 1.
    
    [5] The 1988 final was stopped at 1-1 just before the end, after Steaua
        had left the field as protest to having a goal disallowed.  The match
        was later awarded 2-1 to Steaua, but after the revolution of 1989 
        Steaua gave the cup to Dinamo.  However, according to the official 
        records of the FRF, the cup is Steaua's, so it is included in their
        total.
    
    [6] Total for ASC Diaraf includes that of Foyer France.
    
    [7] Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split now are in the Croatian league after Yugoslavia 
        broke up.  Hajduk won 9 Yugoslav and 3 Croatian cups, Dinamo 7 Yugoslav and 9 
        Croatian ones (including the one won in 1941 by Gradjanski).
        They played each other 4 times in the Yugoslav cup final (each winning 2) and 
        5 times in the Croatian cup final (3 won by Hajduk, 2 by Dinamo).
    
    [8] The 1962 final between Olympiakos and Panathinaikos was abandoned.
        The 1964 semifinal between the same teams also was abandoned, leaving
        AEK as only finalists and interrupting the run of Olympiakos between
        1956 and 1966 as Cup finalists, as well as their run of seven
        consecutive wins between 1957 and 1965 (the 1964 Cup for AEK is not
        always listed).  (Details on Olympiakos' run.)  
    
    [9] Celtic appeared in 14 consecutive finals of the Scottish League
        Cup between 1965 and 1978.
    
    [10] The 1909 Cup was withheld after riots following the draw between
         Celtic and Rangers in the replay. 
         Celtic and Rangers met each other another 12 times in the 
         final of the Scottish League Cup, Rangers winning 8, Celtic 4.
    
    [11] Amateure are now known as Austria Wien.  Rapid's total includes
         their German Cup win in 1938 as well as 14 Austrian Cup wins.
    
    [12] All finals for the Stredoceský pohár.
    
    [13] Includes the Ceylon FA Cup (until 1987) and the Bristol Cup (since
         1987).
    
    [14] Dinamo Kyiv won 9 Soviet Cups and 9 Ukrainian Cups.
    
    [15] Two cups (1928 and 1929) were shared. 
    
    [16] Shelbourne won 3 Irish Cups before the split between Northern Ireland
         and the Republic, and 7 Cups in Ireland.
    
    [17] This includes the Kings Cup competition from 1956/57 until 1989/90
         and the Crown Prince Cup since 1990/91; Al-Ahli won 10 Kings Cups and 3
         Crown Prince Cups in the relevant periods, Al-Hilal 6 Kings Cup and 6
         Crown Prince Cups and Al-Ittihad also 6 Kings Cups and 4 Crown Prince
         Cups; in addition Al-Ittihad won 3 Crown Prince Cups prior to 1990
         (when it was a secondary cup tournament), Al-Ahli 2 and Al-Hilal 1.
    
    [18] South African records include the NPSL 1971-1984 and the NSL/PSL 
         since the 1985 season.
    
    [19] Dinamo Tbilisi won 2 Soviet Cups and 8 Georgian Cups.
    
    [20] FC Sion played 10 Swiss cup finals (up to and including 2006) and
         won them all!
    
    [21] Two cups (1943 and 1958) were shared between Al-Ahly and Zamalek.
    

    About this document

    Prepared and maintained by Karel Stokkermans for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation

    Author: Karel Stokkermans
    Last updated: 6 Jun 2008

    (C) Copyright Karel Stokkermans and RSSSF 1995/2008
    You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.