The following league tables refer to the second level league for teams from Salzburg until 1959/60 (although promotion to the national championship was not possible for most of the time).
See Austria Final Tables for final tables of the top level (and second level since 1950).
1920/21 | 1921/22 | 1922/23 | 1923/24 | 1924/25 | 1925/26 | 1926/27 | 1927/28 | 1928/29 | 1929/30 | 1930/31 | 1931/32 | 1932/33 | 1933/34 | 1934/35 | 1935/36 | 1936/37 | 1937/38 | 1938/39 | 1939/40 | 1940/41 | 1941/42 | 1942/43 | 1943/44 | 1944/45 | 1945/46 | 1946/47 | 1947/48 | 1948/49 | 1949/50 | 1950/51 | 1951/52 | 1952/53 | 1953/54 | 1954/55 | 1955/56 | 1956/57 | 1957/58 | 1958/59 | 1959/60 |
1.Vorwärts Steyr 8 6 2 0 21- 8 14 2.Welser SC 8 4 2 2 18-26 10 3.1.Salzburger SK 1919 8 3 1 4 16-15 7 4.Linzer ASK 8 3 0 5 19-13 6 5.SV Urfahr 8 1 1 6 5-17 3
1.1.Salzburger SK 1919 10 8 0 2 49-11 16 2.Salzburger AK 1914 10 7 0 3 53-13 14 3.Deutscher SV Salzburg 10 6 1 3 30-29 13 4.SK Oberndorf 10 5 1 4 23-31 11 5.Itzlinger SK 10 2 0 8 12-56 4 6.SK Neumarkt 10 0 0 10 4-19 0
1.1.Salzburger SK 1919 6 5 0 1 47- 5 10 2.Salzburger AK 1914 6 3 1 2 14-21 7 3.Deutscher SV Salzburg 6 2 1 3 15-19 5 4.SK Oberndorf 6 0 0 6 1-32 0 2. Klasse Participaing teams: SK Vorwärts Maxglan 1. Halleiner SK Garnisons-Sportvereinigung Salzburg Itzlinger SK TSV Neumarkt/Wallersee
1.Salzburger AK 1914 4 4 0 0 15- 6 8 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 4 1 1 2 12-12 3 3.Deutscher SV Salzburg 4 0 1 3 8-17 1
1.Salzburger AK 1914 2 1 0 1 6- 4 2 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 2 1 0 1 4- 6 2 2. Klasse Final Standings: 1.Garnisons-Sportvereinigung Salzburg 2.1.Maxglaner SK Vorwärts 3.1.Halleiner SK .SK Vorwärts Hallein .FC Hertha Salzburg .ASK Salzburg
1.Salzburger AK 1914 8 7 1 0 48-10 15
2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 8 5 2 1 27-14 12
3.Arbeiter SK Salzburg 8 3 1 4 30-28 7
4.1.Halleiner SK 8 3 0 5 16-38 6
5.Garnisons-SV Salzburg 8 0 0 8 0-31 0
2. Klasse
1.1.Maxglaner SK Vorwärts 8 6 0 2 40- 3 12
2.FC Hertha Salzburg 8 6 0 2 38- 8 12
3.SK Amateure Salzburg 8 4 0 4 27-21 8
4.SK Horekan Salzburg 8 4 0 4 8-51 8
5.SK Vorwärts Hallein 8 0 0 8 3-32 0
NB: Hertha were promoted rather than champions Vorwärts Maxglan, who
presumably renounced on promotion.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 4 3 1 0 12- 2 7 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 4 2 1 1 6- 7 5 3.FC Hertha Salzburg 4 0 0 4 1-10 0 NB: the 2. Klasse also contained three clubs this season: Vorwärts Hallein 1.Oberndorfer SK SV Amateure Salzburg Other clubs (ASK Maxglan, presumably identical to ASK Salzburg, 1.Halleiner SK, SK Vorwärts Maxglan, and Horekan) joined the VAFÖ league.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 4 3 0 1 16- 6 6 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 4 3 0 1 14-12 6 3.FC Hertha Salzburg 4 0 0 4 10-22 0 2. Klasse Champions: 1.Oberndorfer SK Other participants: SK Amateure Salzburg FC Rapid Salzburg Strobler SK (withdrew after a few match and dissolved)
1.Salzburger AK 1914 6 5 0 1 22-10 10 2.FC Hertha Salzburg 6 4 0 2 20-19 8 3.1.Salzburger SK 1919 6 3 0 3 16-10 6 4.1.Oberndorfer SK 6 0 0 6 3-22 0 SAK qualified for Amateur Championship 1929. 2. Klasse Champions: FC Rapid Salzburg
1.Salzburger AK 1914 6 6 0 0 17- 4 12 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 6 4 0 2 11-12 8 3.FC Rapid Salzburg 6 2 0 4 10-11 4 4.FC Hertha Salzburg 6 0 0 6 3-14 0 SAK qualified for Amateur Championship 1930.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 4 4 0 0 17- 1 8 2.FC Hertha Salzburg 4 1 1 2 6-14 3 3.1.Salzburger SK 1919 4 0 1 3 4-12 1 SAK qualified for Amateur Championship 1931. NB: FC Rapid Salzburg entered the VAFÖ championship in 1930/31.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 6 6 0 0 15- 4 12 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 6 3 1 2 11-12 7 3.FC Rapid Salzburg 6 2 0 4 10-11 6 4.FC Hertha Salzburg 6 0 1 5 3-12 1 SAK qualified for Amateur Championship 1932.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 6 6 0 0 34- 7 12
2.FC Hertha Salzburg 6 3 0 3 18-19 6
3.FC Rapid Salzburg 6 2 0 4 11-18 4
4.1.Salzburger SK 1919 6 1 0 5 7-26 2
SAK qualified for Amateur Championship 1933.
NB: after this season (in the night from September 7 to 8, 1933),
FC Hertha and FC Rapid merged into SV Austria Salzburg.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 18 16 1 1 76-23 33 2.Linzer ASK 18 16 0 2 92-28 32 3.SV Urfahr 18 15 1 2 92-26 31 4.Welser SC 18 9 2 7 56-62 20 5.Hertha Wels 18 8 2 8 44-44 18 6.Amateure Steyr 18 6 1 11 46-56 13 7.Germania Linz 18 5 2 11 41-51 12 8.SV Austria Salzburg 18 4 4 10 42-63 12 9.Amstettener FK 18 2 1 15 19-73 5 10.Sportfreunde Wels 18 2 0 16 25-107 4 SAK and SV Urfahr qualified for Amateur Championship 1934.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 20 14 2 4 76-29 30 2.SV Urfahr 20 13 2 5 68-38 28 3.Admira Linz 20 13 2 5 64-42 28 4.Linzer ASK 20 12 3 5 60-30 27 5.Germania Linz 20 11 3 6 52-35 25 6.Welser SC 20 10 2 8 62-43 22 7.Amateure Steyr 20 8 1 11 55-54 17 8.SV Austria Salzburg 20 7 3 10 57-56 17 9.Hertha Wels 20 5 5 10 41-58 15 10.1.Salzburger SK 1919 20 4 1 15 30-90 9 11.SV Gmunden 20 0 2 18 24-114 2 SAK and SV Urfahr qualified for Amateur Championship 1935.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 6 6 0 0 35- 7 12 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 6 3 0 3 15-28 6 3.SV Austria Salzburg 6 2 0 4 16-17 4 4.Halleiner AC 6 1 0 5 16-30 2 SAK qualified for Amateur Championship 1936.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 10 9 1 0 55-11 19 2.SV Austria Salzburg 10 6 2 2 30-14 14 3.Halleiner AC 10 4 1 5 27-29 9 4.Altstadt Salzburg 10 3 1 6 17-26 7 5.SV Grün-Weiß Salzburg 10 3 1 6 15-39 7 6.1.Salzburger SK 10 2 0 8 16-41 4 SAK qualified for Amateur Championship 1937. 2. Klasse Top of Final Table: 1.TSV Maxglan 2.Bischofshofener SK
1.Salzburger AK 1914 8 7 1 0 28- 6 15 2.SV Austria Salzburg 8 5 1 2 27- 7 11 3.Halleiner AC 8 4 1 2 15-16 9 4.SV Grün-Weiß Salzburg 8 1 1 6 10-27 3 5.TSV Maxglan 8 1 0 7 6-30 2
1.Linzer ASK 18 13 2 3 100-36 28 Promotion Playoff
2.Admira Linz 18 12 1 5 66-32 25
3.Vorwärts Steyr 18 10 4 4 50-34 24
4.Halleiner AC 18 9 2 7 54-50 20
5.Hertha Wels 18 8 2 8 64-53 18
6.SV Urfahr 18 7 2 9 42-64 16
7.Salzburger AK 1914 18 6 4 8 33-53 16
8.Rapid Linz 18 7 1 10 54-49 15
9.SV Austria Salzburg 18 5 1 12 41-81 11
10.SV Ried 18 3 1 14 31-82 7
NB: LASK qualified for promotion playoff to first level
and obtained promotion.
1.SV Austria Salzburg 10 9 0 1 50-18 18 2.Salzburger AK 1914 10 7 1 2 48-23 15 3.1.Halleiner SK 10 6 0 4 33-21 12 4.1.Salzburger SK 1919 10 3 3 4 22-27 9 5.Polizei SV Salzburg 10 2 1 7 20-45 5 6.Reichsbahn Salzburg 10 0 1 9 13-52 1
1.SV Austria Salzburg 6 5 0 1 34- 8 10 Promotion Playoff
2.Salzburger AK 1914 6 4 1 1 29-11 9
3.1.Salzburger SK 1919 6 1 3 2 16-18 5
4.Reichsbahn Salzburg 6 0 1 5 7-49 1
NB: Austria Salzburg qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 8 8 0 0 48-11 16 2.SV Austria Salzburg 8 4 1 3 40-17 9 3.SS-Sportgemeinschaft 8 4 1 3 21-27 9 4.1.Salzburger SK 1919 8 3 0 5 18-26 6 5.Reichsbahn Salzburg 8 0 0 8 7-55 0
1.SV Austria Salzburg 3 3 0 0 20- 3 6
2.Salzburger AK 1914 3 1 1 1 9- 8 3
3.1.Salzburger SK 1919 3 1 1 1 7-11 3
4.Reichsbahn Salzburg 3 0 0 3 4-18 0
NB: season abandoned in spring; FG Salzburg took part in the promotion playoff
to first level but failed to obtain promotion.
1.FC Steyr 20 18 2 0 90-16 38 2.Reichsbahn Linz 20 16 2 2 67-22 34 3.Adlerhorst Wels 20 9 7 4 58-42 25 4.Admira Linz 20 10 2 8 79-61 22 5.Hertha Wels 20 9 4 7 70-57 22 6.Welser SC 20 9 2 9 45-61 20 7.Linzer ASK 20 8 0 12 58-56 16 8.FG Salzburg 20 6 1 11 43-53 15 9.Germania Linz 20 6 1 11 35-64 15 10.SV Urfahr 20 3 1 16 23-76 7 11.SK Enns 20 2 1 16 38-98 6 NB: FC Steyr was a merger of Vorwärts and Amateure Steyr.
No competition.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 10 7 2 1 38-15 16 2.1.Salzburger SK 1919 10 7 2 1 36-22 16 3.SV Austria Salzburg 10 5 1 4 27-21 11 4.SV Bürmoos 10 4 1 5 30-30 9 5.1.Halleiner SK 10 2 0 8 17-36 4 6.SK Bischofshofen 10 2 0 8 17-41 4 Aufstiegsklasse Final Table: 1.Union FC Salzburg 4 4 0 0 21- 4 8 2.ATSV Maxglan 4 3 0 1 16- 9 6 3.Polizei SV Salzburg 4 2 0 2 11-11 4 4.Eisenbahner SK Salzburg 4 1 0 3 11-16 2 5.ATSV Itzling 4 0 0 4 2-21 0
1.Salzburger AK 1914 14 12 2 0 44-15 26 2.SV Bürmoos 14 9 2 3 54-30 20 3.SV Austria Salzburg 14 6 5 3 37-29 17 4.Union FC Salzburg 14 6 3 5 43-38 15 5.1.Salzburger SK 1919 14 5 3 6 34-29 13 6.1.Halleiner SK 14 5 2 7 33-33 12 7.SK Bischofshofen 14 3 1 10 23-49 7 8.ATSV Maxglan 14 1 0 13 21-66 2
1.Union FC Salzburg 18 14 1 3 69-24 29 2.Salzburger AK 1914 18 11 4 3 58-26 26 3.1.Salzburger SK 1919 18 9 7 2 49-28 25 4.SV Austria Salzburg 18 9 6 3 59-23 24 5.SV Bürmoos 18 8 6 4 55-37 22 6.1.Halleiner SK 18 9 1 7 49-49 19 7.SK Bischofshofen 18 7 3 8 28-45 17 8.Polizei SV Salzburg 18 4 1 13 24-63 9 9.ATSV Maxglan 18 1 4 13 19-59 6 10.ATSV Itzling 18 1 1 16 27-83 3
1.Union FC Salzburg 18 15 2 1 67-21 32 Qualified 2.Salzburger AK 1914 18 13 1 4 60-18 27 Qualified 3.SV Austria Salzburg 18 9 4 5 61-32 22 Qualified 4.1.Halleiner SK 18 9 4 5 48-37 22 Qualified 5.SV Bürmoos 18 9 3 6 56-51 21 Qualified 6.1.Salzburger SK 1919 18 8 4 6 44-43 20 7.ASV Zell/See 18 3 4 11 24-45 10 8.SK Bischofshofen 18 3 3 12 22-55 9 9.Polizei SV Salzburg 18 3 3 12 22-68 9 10.ATSV Mattighofen 18 2 4 12 21-55 8 NB: top-5 formed Tauernliga with 5 best teams from Kärnten (Carinthia).
1.Villacher SV 18 11 4 3 62-36 26 Promotion Playoff
2.ASK Klagenfurt 18 11 1 6 38-37 23
3.Union FC Salzburg 18 10 2 6 50-30 22
4.Austria Klagenfurt 18 10 2 6 42-36 22
5.Klagenfurter AC 18 8 4 6 47-35 20
6.Salzburger AK 1914 18 8 3 7 53-44 19
7.SV Austria Salzburg 18 7 4 7 47-41 18
8.1.Halleiner SK 18 4 4 10 41-62 12
9.SV Bürmoos 18 5 1 12 40-68 11 Relegation Playoff (worst Salzburg)
10.SV Spittal 18 1 5 12 25-56 7 Relegated (worst Kärnten)
NB: Villacher SV qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
Promoted: Kärnten: ESV Villach
Salzburg: SK Bischofshofen (after playoff against SV Bürmoos)
1.Klagenfurter AC 18 13 2 3 51-27 28
2.Villacher SV 18 11 3 4 57-29 25
3.SV Austria Salzburg 18 11 3 4 52-32 25
4.Salzburger AK 1914 18 8 7 3 66-34 23
5.ASK Klagenfurt 18 8 3 7 44-30 19
6.FC Salzburg 18 6 6 6 34-35 18
7.ESV Villach 18 6 3 9 32-56 15
8.Austria Klagenfurt 18 4 5 9 25-29 13 Relegated (worst Kärnten)
9.1.Halleiner SK 18 4 0 14 31-73 8
10.SK Bischofshofen 18 2 2 14 20-67 4 Relegation Playoff (worst Salzburg)
NB: Union FC Salzburg were renamed FC Salzburg
Promoted: Kärnten: SV Annabichl
Salzburg: SV Bürmoos (after playoff against SK Bischofshofen)
1.Salzburger AK 1914 18 13 2 3 68-24 28 Promotion Playoff
2.Villacher SV 18 12 3 3 71-25 27
3.SV Austria Salzburg 18 10 5 3 51-36 25
4.ASK Klagenfurt 18 10 4 4 55-27 24
5.Admira Villach 18 9 3 6 41-35 21
6.Klagenfurter AC 18 8 2 8 41-32 18
7.FC Salzburg 18 5 3 10 41-63 13
8.SV Bürmoos 18 4 2 12 28-58 10
9.1.Halleiner SK 18 3 1 14 27-68 7
10.SV Annabichl 18 2 3 13 28-83 7 Relegated
ESV Villach apparently renamed Admira Villach.
NB: Salzburger AK qualified for promotion playoff to
first level and obtained promotion.
Promoted: Kärnten: Austria Klagenfurt and WSG Radenthein
Salzburg: SK Bischofshofen and Oberndorfer SK
1.SV Austria Salzburg 22 17 4 1 79-17 38 Promotion Playoff
2.Austria Klagenfurt 22 14 5 3 72-31 33
3.Klagenfurter AC 22 11 5 6 55-35 27
4.Villacher SV 22 11 5 6 60-45 27
5.WSG Radenthein 22 11 2 9 51-45 24
6.SV Bürmoos 22 9 5 8 62-55 23
7.FC Salzburg 22 9 4 9 49-50 22
8.1.Halleiner SK 22 8 3 11 31-62 19
9.ASK Klagenfurt 22 6 6 10 42-39 18
10.SK Bischofshofen 22 6 4 12 33-60 16
11.Admira Villach 22 3 7 12 34-54 13 Relegated
12.Oberndorfer SK 22 1 2 19 22-97 4 Relegated
NB: Austria Salzburg qualified for promotion playoff to
first level and obtained promotion.
Promoted: Kärnten: SV St. Veit
Salzburg: Saalfeldener SK
Relegated from Staatsliga: Salzburger AK 1914
1.WSG Radenthein 22 16 3 3 73-31 35 Promotion Playoff
2.Austria Klagenfurt 22 13 1 8 46-28 27
3.Klagenfurter AC 22 10 6 6 42-23 26
4.SV St.Veit 22 11 4 7 48-39 26
5.Villacher SV 22 11 3 8 65-41 25
6.ASK Klagenfurt 22 11 3 8 49-42 25
7.Salzburger AK 1914 22 10 4 8 55-47 24
8.SV Bürmoos 22 7 4 11 48-67 18
9.Saalfeldener SK 22 6 3 13 39-59 15
10.SK Bischofshofen 22 7 1 14 34-57 15
11.1.Halleiner SK 22 6 3 13 27-67 15 Relegated
12.FC Salzburg 22 4 5 13 37-62 13 Relegated
NB: WSG Radenthein qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
Promoted: Kärnten: FC Seebach
Salzburg: Blau-Weiß Salzburg
1.Austria Klagenfurt 22 14 3 5 56-43 31 Promotion Playoff
2.WSG Radenthein 22 13 3 6 69-39 29
3.Klagenfurter AC 22 11 4 7 50-26 26
4.ASK Klagenfurt 22 9 5 8 46-40 23
5.Salzburger AK 1914 22 10 3 9 55-62 23
6.SK Bischofshofen 22 11 0 11 59-53 22
7.SV St.Veit 22 7 7 8 42-44 21
8.Villacher SV 22 7 6 9 57-48 20
9.FC Seebach 22 7 6 9 55-51 20
10.Saalfeldener SK 22 9 2 11 62-77 20
11.Blau-Weiß Salzburg 22 6 4 12 42-75 16
12.SV Bürmoos 22 5 3 14 39-74 13
NB: Austria Klagenfurt qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
The Tauernliga was split in a northern (Salzburg) and southern (Kärnten) section.
1.SK Bischofshofen 16 11 1 4 38-22 23 Promotion Playoff
2.Blau-Weiß Salzburg 16 9 2 5 25-19 20
3.Salzburger AK 1914 16 8 3 5 41-27 19
4.Saalfeldener SK 16 6 5 5 37-31 17
5.1.Salzburger SK 1919 16 7 2 7 29-28 16
6.Danubia Salzburg 16 7 1 8 30-35 15
7.SV Bürmoos 16 6 3 7 33-39 15
8.Polizei SV Salzburg 16 4 6 6 34-33 14
9.FC Salzburg 16 1 3 12 24-57 5
NB: SK Bischofshofen qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
1.SK Bischofshofen 22 17 1 4 68-22 35 Promotion Playoff
2.Salzburger AK 1914 22 14 3 5 49-32 31
3.Blau-Weiß Salzburg 22 11 6 5 46-29 28
4.Oberndorfer SK 22 11 3 8 54-33 25
5.SV Bürmoos 22 10 5 7 59-51 25
6.Polizei SV Salzburg 22 9 5 8 40-48 23
7.Saalfeldener SK 22 9 3 10 40-51 21
8.FC Salzburg 22 9 2 11 35-39 20
9.1.Salzburger SK 1914 22 6 5 11 36-47 17
10.SV Danubia Salzburg 22 4 6 11 26-48 14 [*]
11.SV Schwarzach 22 6 1 15 43-74 13 [*]
12.Amateur SV Salzburg 22 3 4 15 29-51 10
[*] Schwarzach-Danubia awarded a 0-0 loss to both teams.
NB: SK Bischofshofen qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
1.SV Austria Salzburg 22 21 1 0 136- 9 43 Promotion Playoff
2.SV Bürmoos 22 17 1 4 74-42 35
3.SK Bischofshofen 22 14 3 5 62-39 31
4.Salzburger AK 1914 22 8 5 9 79-57 21
5.1.Salzburger SK 1919 22 9 3 10 38-47 21
6.Saalfeldener SK 22 9 3 10 56-81 21
7.1.Halleiner SK 22 8 3 11 34-57 19
8.ASV Zell/See 22 8 2 12 41-69 18
9.Blau-Weiß Salzburg 22 7 3 12 34-56 17
10.Oberndorfer SK 22 3 10 9 34-40 16
11.UFC Danubia Salzburg 22 5 3 14 39-74 13 [*]
12.Polizei SV Salzburg 22 2 3 17 37-93 7 [*]
[*] Polizei-UFC Danubia awarded a 0-0 loss to both teams.
NB: Austria Salzburg qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
1.SV Austria Salzburg 22 17 3 2 90-19 37 Promotion Playoff
2.Salzburger AK 1914 22 17 2 3 72-31 36
3.SK Bischofshofen 22 13 3 6 71-36 29
4.ASK Salzburg 22 13 3 6 56-43 29
5.Oberndorfer SK 22 10 4 8 51-47 24
6.1.Halleiner SK 22 9 2 11 51-56 20
7.1.Salzburger SK 1919 22 8 4 10 35-51 20
8.Saalfeldener SK 22 9 2 11 47-60 20
9.SV Bürmoos 22 8 3 11 45-57 19
10.ASV Zell/See 22 5 7 10 40-55 17
11.WSK Kaprun 22 2 3 17 29-76 7
12.Blau-Weiß Salzburg 22 2 2 18 36-92 6
NB: Austria Salzburg qualified for promotion playoff to
first level and obtained promotion.
1.Salzburger AK 1914 22 17 2 3 84-21 36 Promotion Playoff
2.SK Bischofshofen 22 16 2 4 72-34 34
3.Oberndorfer SK 22 14 3 5 58-32 31
4.ASK Salzburg 22 11 6 5 54-39 28
5.1.Halleiner SK 22 10 5 7 48-43 25
6.1.Salzburger SK 1919 22 10 4 8 54-38 24
7.ASV Zell/See 22 8 4 10 39-51 20
8.SV Bürmoos 22 8 3 11 41-48 19
9.UFC Danubia Salzburg 22 7 4 11 44-62 18
10.Saalfeldener SK 22 4 5 13 40-70 13
11.ESV Saalfelden 22 4 3 15 24-65 11
12.WSK Kaprun 22 1 3 18 23-78 5
NB: Salzburger AK qualified for promotion playoff to
first level but failed to obtain promotion.
The top-4 teams joined the top-4 teams from Tirol and the top-4 Vorarlberg to
form the Regionalliga West 1960/61.
Source: [Wal 61].
Prepared and maintained by Hans Schöggl for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Hans Schöggl
Last updated: 25 Mar 2010
(C) Copyright Hans Schöggl and
RSSSF 2001/10
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper
acknowledgement is given to the author. All rights reserved.